Partizipien und Verbal-Adjektive
Posted: Wed Sep 24 2008 19:01
Ich habe mir mal ein paar Gedanken über die Partizip-Bildung gemacht, die ja (wie von Aran im PE17-Thread angesprochen) doch etwas anders zu sein scheint, als vor PE17 von uns angenommen.
Wäre zwar ggf. was für die Sindarin.de-Grammatik, aber geschrieben habe ich es erstmal auf Englisch (fällt mir komischerweise leichter).
================
Participles and verbal adjectives
================
(I)
The Present Participle (in English formed by -ing) of Sindarin occurs in two forms: 1) a continuative, describing a present action, and 2) an aorist, describing a general action. The first is formed by adding suffix -ol to the stem of both strong and weak verbs:
• car- > #carol '(now) doing'
• glavra- > glavrol '(now) babbling'
The latter is formed by appending -el to the verb-stem:
• ped- > *pedel '(generally) saying'
• amartha- > *amarthel '(generally) defining'
• míria- > míriel '(generally) sparkling)
Note that archaic aorists may use -en instead (mad- > maden 'eating') and that negated aorist participles may be formed by prefixing ú- to the mere stem (úbed 'not (ever) saying').
(II)
The (archaic) Perfective Participle is formed by appending -iel to verb-stems in which the stem vowel is lengthened:
• *†than- > thoniel 'having kindled'
• amartha- > *amorthiel 'having defined'
• tir-, tíria- > tíriel 'having gazed'
(III)
The Passive Participle is (like old aorist) formed with suffix -en, which is appended to an (archaic) past tense formation (from -nē, on strong verbs without stem-vowel prefix):
• mad- > manthen 'eaten' (archaic pa.t. *mant, modern *avant)
• presta- > prestan[th]en 'affected' (pa.t. *prestant)
(IV)
Further verbal adjectives may be achieved via several affixes:
• The suffix -weg denotes lively activity: carweg 'active, busy' (car-), pedweg 'talkative, saying a lot'.
• The suffix -ui denotes possibility or suitability: *nodui 'countable', *pedui 'pronouncable'.
• While negated forms of the latter refer less possibility (or even impossibility), únodui 'countless', úbedui 'unspeakable'
a complete impossibility may be marked by prefix pen- (causing lenition) on the stem or derivatives: pen-nod, pen-nœdiad 'uncountable', pen-bed 'unpronouncable'.
Wäre zwar ggf. was für die Sindarin.de-Grammatik, aber geschrieben habe ich es erstmal auf Englisch (fällt mir komischerweise leichter).
================
Participles and verbal adjectives
================
(I)
The Present Participle (in English formed by -ing) of Sindarin occurs in two forms: 1) a continuative, describing a present action, and 2) an aorist, describing a general action. The first is formed by adding suffix -ol to the stem of both strong and weak verbs:
• car- > #carol '(now) doing'
• glavra- > glavrol '(now) babbling'
The latter is formed by appending -el to the verb-stem:
• ped- > *pedel '(generally) saying'
• amartha- > *amarthel '(generally) defining'
• míria- > míriel '(generally) sparkling)
Note that archaic aorists may use -en instead (mad- > maden 'eating') and that negated aorist participles may be formed by prefixing ú- to the mere stem (úbed 'not (ever) saying').
(II)
The (archaic) Perfective Participle is formed by appending -iel to verb-stems in which the stem vowel is lengthened:
• *†than- > thoniel 'having kindled'
• amartha- > *amorthiel 'having defined'
• tir-, tíria- > tíriel 'having gazed'
(III)
The Passive Participle is (like old aorist) formed with suffix -en, which is appended to an (archaic) past tense formation (from -nē, on strong verbs without stem-vowel prefix):
• mad- > manthen 'eaten' (archaic pa.t. *mant, modern *avant)
• presta- > prestan[th]en 'affected' (pa.t. *prestant)
(IV)
Further verbal adjectives may be achieved via several affixes:
• The suffix -weg denotes lively activity: carweg 'active, busy' (car-), pedweg 'talkative, saying a lot'.
• The suffix -ui denotes possibility or suitability: *nodui 'countable', *pedui 'pronouncable'.
• While negated forms of the latter refer less possibility (or even impossibility), únodui 'countless', úbedui 'unspeakable'
a complete impossibility may be marked by prefix pen- (causing lenition) on the stem or derivatives: pen-nod, pen-nœdiad 'uncountable', pen-bed 'unpronouncable'.